Determination of phytochemicals in Thaumatococcus daniellii (sweet prayer leaves) and Musa paradisiaca (plantain leaves) as a food packaging material
Keywords:
Phytochemicals, ethanolic extraction, plantain leaves, sweet prayer leaves
Abstract
Leaves from the plants of Thaumatococcus daniellii and Musa paradisiaca are used for wrapping foods in Ghana. In this study, the types of phytochemicals present in the two leaves were qualitatively determined. Standard qualitative phytochemical tests by Trease and Evans, Sofowora and Harborne were employed in screening for ten selected phytochemicals. The following phytochemicals were present in T. daniellii leaf extracts; saponins, polyuronides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, phytosterols and anthracenosides. However, triterpenes were absent. M. paradisiaca also showed the presence of saponins, phenolic compounds, cyanogenic glycosides, polyuronides, reducing sugar, flavonoids and phytosterols. However, alkaloids, triterpenes and anthracenosides were absent. From the results obtained, T. daniellii contained more classes of healthful phytochemicals than that of M. paradisiaca. Since, the leaves of both T. daniellii and M. paradisiaca contribute more than just a means of packaging to these local delicacies, their continued use should be highly encouraged and widely promoted.
References
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Arowosage O. G. E and Popoola L. (2006), Economic analysis of T. daniellii (Miraculous berry) in Ekiti State Nigeria. J food Agric Environment. 4(1):264–269.
Attele A.S, Wu J.A, Yuan C-S. (1999), Ginseng pharmacology. Biochem Pharmacol 58:1685–1693.
Brody A. L., Bugusu B, Han J. H, Sand C. K., and McHugh T. H. (2008), Scientific status summary. Innovative food packaging solutions. J Food Sci., 73 (8): R107-R116.
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Dadzie, B. K. and H. Wainwright (1995), Plantain utilization in Ghana. Tropical Science 35(4): 405–410.
Dikshit P, Tyagi M. K., Shukla K., Sharma S., Gambhir J. K., Shukla R. (2011), Hepatoprotective effect of stem of Musa sapientum Linn in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. Annals of Hepatology, 10 (3): 333-339.
Dzomeku, B. M., Dankyi, A. A. and Darkey (2011). Socioeconomice importance of plantain cultivation in Ghana. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21 (2), 269 – 273.
Egbuonu, A. C. C., Ogele, O. M. and Amaraihu K. L. (2016), Comparative Evaluation of the Proximate Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ground Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) Peels and Leaves. British Biotechnology Journal. 15(2): 1-9.
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Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar, H. Z. E. and Rahmat, A. (2010), Antioxidant activities, total Phenolics and flavonoids content in two varieties of Malaysia Young Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Molecules, 15: 4324-4333.
Gryglewski, R. J., Korbut, R. and Robak, J. (1987), On the mechanism, of antithrombotic action of flavonoids. Biochemical Pharmacology, 36: 317-321.
Gupta, S. S. (1994), Prospects and perspectives of natural plant products in medicine. Ind J Pharmacol. 26:1-12.
Hamid, A. A., Aliyu, M. A., Abubakar, L. Z., Mukadam, A. A., Shehu, A., Egharevba, G., Adisa, M. J., Ajibade, S. O., Zubair, A. O., Fagbohun, E. O. (2017), Thaumatococcus Daniellii Leaves: Its Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Ife Journal of Science (19): 2
Harada S. (2005), The broad anti-viral agent glycyrrhizin directly modulates the fluidity of plasma membrane and HIV-1 envelope. Biochem J 329:191–199
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He J-X, Akao T, Nishino T., Tani T. (2001). The influence of commonly prescribed synthetic drugs for peptic ulcer on the pharmacokinetic fate of glycyrrhizin from Shaoyao-Gancao-tang. Biol Pharm Bull 24: 1395–1399.
Hussain A, Khan MN, Sajid MS, Iqbal Z, Khan MK, Abbas RZ, Raza MA, Needham GR. (2010), In vitro screening of the leaves of musa paradisiacal for antihelmintic activity. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 20 (1): 5-8.
Ibegbulem, C. O., Ezeibekwe, I. O. and Ifekwe, N. P. (2004), Effect of Pandenus candelabrum and Musa paradiasica Leaf packaging ion Levels of Antinutrients in Some Nigerian Local Delicacies. Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 2 (1): 25-31
Katan M, Grundy S, Jones P, Law M, Miettinen T, Paoletti R. (2003). Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels. Mayo Clin Proc.78:965-978.
Kitagawa I. (2002), Licorice root. A natural sweetener and an important ingredient in Chinese medicine. Pure Appl Chem 74:1189–1198.
Kwok J. (2008), Cyanide poisoning and cassava. Food safety focus. (19th issue February, 2008). Incident focus. http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia
Loos T. K., M. Hoppe, B. M. Dzomeku and L. Scheiterle (2018), The Potential of Plantain Residues for the Ghanaian Bioeconomy — Assessing the Current Fiber Value Web. Sustainability. 10(4825): 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124825
Maki K. C., Lawless A. L., and Reeves M. S. (2013), Lipid-altering effects of a dietary supplement tablet containing free plant sterols and stanols in primary hypercholesterolaemia. Nutrition 29(1):96-100
Makinde, S. C. O. and C. K. Taiwoo (2004), In situ population evaluation of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth). ASSET Int. 3:75-80.
Marimo P., C. Caron, I. V. D. Bergh, R. Crichton, E. Weltzien, R. Ortiz and R. Tumuhimbise (2020), A review of the postharvest research issues for cooking banana and plantain with specific reference to Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda and Tanzania. Acta Horticulturae 540(540):529-537. DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.540.58
Matsui S, Matsumoto H, Sonoda Y, Ando K, Aizu-Yokota E, Sato T, Kasahara T. (2004), Glycyrrhizin and related compounds down-regulate production of inflammatory chemokines IL-8 and eotaxin 1 in a human lung fibroblast cell line. Int. Immunopharmacol 4: 1633–1644
Mensah, J. K., Adei, E. D. Adei and Ashie M. D. (2012), Perceptions of the use of indigenous leaves as packaging materials in the ready-to-eat cornmeals. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 6(3): 1051-1068
Milder IE, Arts IC, van de Putte B, Venema DP, Hollman PC. 2005. Lignan contents of Dutch plant foods: a database including lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol. Br. J. Nutr., 93 (3): 393-402.
Milgate J., and Roberts D. C. K. (1995), The nutritional and biological significance of saponins. Nutr Res 15: 1233–1249
Molyneux, R. J., Nash, R. J. and Asano, N. (1996), Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Vol. 11, Pelletier SW, ed. Pergamon, Oxford. 11: 303.
Normén L, Dutta P, Lia A, and Andersson H. (2000), Soy sterol esters and beta-sitostanol ester as inhibitors of cholesterol absorption in human small bowel. Am J Clin Nutr. 71(4):908-913.
Onyenekwe, P. C., Okereke, O. E., & Owolewa, S. O. (2013), Phytochemical screening and effect of Musa paradisiaca stem extrude on rat haematological parameters. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 5, 26–29.
Ostlund R. E. Jr. (2002), Phytosterols in human nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr. 22:533-549.
Risch, S. J. (2009), Food Packaging History and Innovations. J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, (18): 8089–8092.
S. I. Okorondu, C. O. Akujobi and I. N. Nwachukwu (2012), Antifungal properties of Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) peel and stalk extracts Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 6(4): 1527-1534,
Sharma, D. K. (2006), Pharmacological properties of flavonoids including flavono lignans-Integration of petrocrops with drug development from plant. Journal of scientific and Industrial research, 65:477-480.
Silva, E. M., Souza, J. N. S., Rogez, H., Rees, J. F. and Larondelle, Y. (2007), Antioxidant activities and polyphenolic contents of fifteen selected plant species from the Amazonian region. Food Chemistry. 101: 1012-18.
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Tripoli, E., Guardia, M., Giammanco, S., Mjo, D., and Giammanco, M. (2007), Citrus Flavonoids: Molecular structure, biological activities and nutritional properties: A review. Food Chemistry, 104: 466-479.
Tylleskar T., Banae M., Bikangi N., Cooke R. D., Poulter N. H., and Rosling H. (1992), Cassava cyanogens and konzo, an upper motorneuron disease found in Africa. Lancet, 339: 208‐211.
Ukwubile C. A., Musa Y. D. and Troy S. M. (2017), Thaumatococcus daniellii Benn. (Marantaceae) Leaf Methanol Extract possessed Hepatoprotective effect against Acetaminophen induced Liver injury in Albino Rats. International Journal of Bioscience and Medicine. 1:(4): 1-6
Yeboah, S. (2002), Thaumatococcus daniellii and its possibilities for cultivation. Master of Science thesis, University of Hohenheim, Germany.
Yeboah, S. O., T. H. Hilger and J. Kroschel. (2003), Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benth): A natural sweetner from rain forest zone in West Africa with potential income generation in small scale farming. J. Applied Sci., 6:854-859.
Ahmad I, and Beg A. (2001), Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74 (1): 113–123.
Alisi C. S., Nwanyanwu C. E., Akujobi C. O., Ibegbulem C. O. (2008), Inhibition of dehydrogenase activity in pathogenic bacteria isolates by aqueous extracts of Musa paradisiaca (Var Sapientum). African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(12): 1821-1825.
Arowosage O. G. E and Popoola L. (2006), Economic analysis of T. daniellii (Miraculous berry) in Ekiti State Nigeria. J food Agric Environment. 4(1):264–269.
Attele A.S, Wu J.A, Yuan C-S. (1999), Ginseng pharmacology. Biochem Pharmacol 58:1685–1693.
Brody A. L., Bugusu B, Han J. H, Sand C. K., and McHugh T. H. (2008), Scientific status summary. Innovative food packaging solutions. J Food Sci., 73 (8): R107-R116.
Bull World Health Org. (1984), Ministry of Health, Mozambique Mantakassa. An epidemic of spastic paraparesis associated with chronic cyanide intoxication in a cassava staple area Mozambique. Nutritional factors and hydrocyanic acid content of cassava products. 62: 485‐492.
Cinatl J., Morgenstern B., Bauer G., Chandra P., Rabenau H., Doerr H. W. (2003), Glycyrrhizin, an active component of licorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet 361:2045–2046.
Ciulei I. (1981), Methodology for the analysis of vegetable drugs. Practical manual on the Industrial Utilisation of medicinal and aromatic plants. UNIDO, Romania. Pg 17-25.
Dadzie, B. K. and H. Wainwright (1995), Plantain utilization in Ghana. Tropical Science 35(4): 405–410.
Dikshit P, Tyagi M. K., Shukla K., Sharma S., Gambhir J. K., Shukla R. (2011), Hepatoprotective effect of stem of Musa sapientum Linn in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. Annals of Hepatology, 10 (3): 333-339.
Dzomeku, B. M., Dankyi, A. A. and Darkey (2011). Socioeconomice importance of plantain cultivation in Ghana. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21 (2), 269 – 273.
Egbuonu, A. C. C., Ogele, O. M. and Amaraihu K. L. (2016), Comparative Evaluation of the Proximate Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ground Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) Peels and Leaves. British Biotechnology Journal. 15(2): 1-9.
Ernesto M, Cardoso A.P, Nicala D, Mirione E, Massaza F, Cliff J, Hague MR, Bradbury J.H. (2002), Persistent konzo and cyanogens toxicity from cassava in northern Mozambique. Acta Trop, 82: 357‐362.
Ezeudu, O. B., Agunwamba, J. C., Ezeudu, T. S., Ugochukwu, U. C. and Ezeasor, I. C. (2020), Natural leaf-type as food packaging material for traditional food in Nigeria: sustainability aspects and theoretical circular economy solutions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research.
Fadahunsi O., Adegbola P. I., Olorunnisola S.O. and O. A. Akinloye (2021), Phytochemistry, nutritional composition, and pharmacological activities of Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benth): a review. Journal of Biotechnology, Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology. 102 (1): 101–117. http://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2021.103766.
FAO/WHO (2012), WHO Food Additive Series: 65. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Prepared by the 74th Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). World Health Organization, Geneva.
FAOSTAT (2013), Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/commodities_by_country on 14/10/2021.
FAOSTAT (2019), Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/commodities_by_country on 14/10/2021
Fed Regist. (2010), Food labeling; health claim; phytosterols and risk of coronary heart disease; proposed rule.75 (235):75626-76570.
Friedman M. (2002), Tomato glycoalkaloids: roles in the plant and in the diet. J Agric Food Chem 50: 5751–5780
Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar, H. Z. E. and Rahmat, A. (2010), Antioxidant activities, total Phenolics and flavonoids content in two varieties of Malaysia Young Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Molecules, 15: 4324-4333.
Gryglewski, R. J., Korbut, R. and Robak, J. (1987), On the mechanism, of antithrombotic action of flavonoids. Biochemical Pharmacology, 36: 317-321.
Gupta, S. S. (1994), Prospects and perspectives of natural plant products in medicine. Ind J Pharmacol. 26:1-12.
Hamid, A. A., Aliyu, M. A., Abubakar, L. Z., Mukadam, A. A., Shehu, A., Egharevba, G., Adisa, M. J., Ajibade, S. O., Zubair, A. O., Fagbohun, E. O. (2017), Thaumatococcus Daniellii Leaves: Its Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Ife Journal of Science (19): 2
Harada S. (2005), The broad anti-viral agent glycyrrhizin directly modulates the fluidity of plasma membrane and HIV-1 envelope. Biochem J 329:191–199
Harborne, J.B., (1973), Phytochemical methods. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London, pp: 49-188.
Hartmann, T. (1991), Alkaloids in herbivores; their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. The chemical participants. 2nd edition. Eds. Academic press, San Diego. Pp. 33-85.
He J-X, Akao T, Nishino T., Tani T. (2001). The influence of commonly prescribed synthetic drugs for peptic ulcer on the pharmacokinetic fate of glycyrrhizin from Shaoyao-Gancao-tang. Biol Pharm Bull 24: 1395–1399.
Hussain A, Khan MN, Sajid MS, Iqbal Z, Khan MK, Abbas RZ, Raza MA, Needham GR. (2010), In vitro screening of the leaves of musa paradisiacal for antihelmintic activity. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 20 (1): 5-8.
Ibegbulem, C. O., Ezeibekwe, I. O. and Ifekwe, N. P. (2004), Effect of Pandenus candelabrum and Musa paradiasica Leaf packaging ion Levels of Antinutrients in Some Nigerian Local Delicacies. Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 2 (1): 25-31
Katan M, Grundy S, Jones P, Law M, Miettinen T, Paoletti R. (2003). Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels. Mayo Clin Proc.78:965-978.
Kitagawa I. (2002), Licorice root. A natural sweetener and an important ingredient in Chinese medicine. Pure Appl Chem 74:1189–1198.
Kwok J. (2008), Cyanide poisoning and cassava. Food safety focus. (19th issue February, 2008). Incident focus. http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia
Loos T. K., M. Hoppe, B. M. Dzomeku and L. Scheiterle (2018), The Potential of Plantain Residues for the Ghanaian Bioeconomy — Assessing the Current Fiber Value Web. Sustainability. 10(4825): 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124825
Maki K. C., Lawless A. L., and Reeves M. S. (2013), Lipid-altering effects of a dietary supplement tablet containing free plant sterols and stanols in primary hypercholesterolaemia. Nutrition 29(1):96-100
Makinde, S. C. O. and C. K. Taiwoo (2004), In situ population evaluation of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth). ASSET Int. 3:75-80.
Marimo P., C. Caron, I. V. D. Bergh, R. Crichton, E. Weltzien, R. Ortiz and R. Tumuhimbise (2020), A review of the postharvest research issues for cooking banana and plantain with specific reference to Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda and Tanzania. Acta Horticulturae 540(540):529-537. DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.540.58
Matsui S, Matsumoto H, Sonoda Y, Ando K, Aizu-Yokota E, Sato T, Kasahara T. (2004), Glycyrrhizin and related compounds down-regulate production of inflammatory chemokines IL-8 and eotaxin 1 in a human lung fibroblast cell line. Int. Immunopharmacol 4: 1633–1644
Mensah, J. K., Adei, E. D. Adei and Ashie M. D. (2012), Perceptions of the use of indigenous leaves as packaging materials in the ready-to-eat cornmeals. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 6(3): 1051-1068
Milder IE, Arts IC, van de Putte B, Venema DP, Hollman PC. 2005. Lignan contents of Dutch plant foods: a database including lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol. Br. J. Nutr., 93 (3): 393-402.
Milgate J., and Roberts D. C. K. (1995), The nutritional and biological significance of saponins. Nutr Res 15: 1233–1249
Molyneux, R. J., Nash, R. J. and Asano, N. (1996), Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Vol. 11, Pelletier SW, ed. Pergamon, Oxford. 11: 303.
Normén L, Dutta P, Lia A, and Andersson H. (2000), Soy sterol esters and beta-sitostanol ester as inhibitors of cholesterol absorption in human small bowel. Am J Clin Nutr. 71(4):908-913.
Onyenekwe, P. C., Okereke, O. E., & Owolewa, S. O. (2013), Phytochemical screening and effect of Musa paradisiaca stem extrude on rat haematological parameters. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 5, 26–29.
Ostlund R. E. Jr. (2002), Phytosterols in human nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr. 22:533-549.
Risch, S. J. (2009), Food Packaging History and Innovations. J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, (18): 8089–8092.
S. I. Okorondu, C. O. Akujobi and I. N. Nwachukwu (2012), Antifungal properties of Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) peel and stalk extracts Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 6(4): 1527-1534,
Sharma, D. K. (2006), Pharmacological properties of flavonoids including flavono lignans-Integration of petrocrops with drug development from plant. Journal of scientific and Industrial research, 65:477-480.
Silva, E. M., Souza, J. N. S., Rogez, H., Rees, J. F. and Larondelle, Y. (2007), Antioxidant activities and polyphenolic contents of fifteen selected plant species from the Amazonian region. Food Chemistry. 101: 1012-18.
Sofowora, A., (1993), Medicinal plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 2nd Edn., Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria, PP:150.
Trease, G.E. and W.C. Evans. (1989), Pharmacognosy. 11th Edn. Macmillian publishers, U.K.
Tripoli, E., Guardia, M., Giammanco, S., Mjo, D., and Giammanco, M. (2007), Citrus Flavonoids: Molecular structure, biological activities and nutritional properties: A review. Food Chemistry, 104: 466-479.
Tylleskar T., Banae M., Bikangi N., Cooke R. D., Poulter N. H., and Rosling H. (1992), Cassava cyanogens and konzo, an upper motorneuron disease found in Africa. Lancet, 339: 208‐211.
Ukwubile C. A., Musa Y. D. and Troy S. M. (2017), Thaumatococcus daniellii Benn. (Marantaceae) Leaf Methanol Extract possessed Hepatoprotective effect against Acetaminophen induced Liver injury in Albino Rats. International Journal of Bioscience and Medicine. 1:(4): 1-6
Yeboah, S. (2002), Thaumatococcus daniellii and its possibilities for cultivation. Master of Science thesis, University of Hohenheim, Germany.
Yeboah, S. O., T. H. Hilger and J. Kroschel. (2003), Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benth): A natural sweetner from rain forest zone in West Africa with potential income generation in small scale farming. J. Applied Sci., 6:854-859.
Published
2023-09-04
How to Cite
Osei-Asibey, R. (2023). Determination of phytochemicals in Thaumatococcus daniellii (sweet prayer leaves) and Musa paradisiaca (plantain leaves) as a food packaging material. International Journal of Technology and Management Research, 8(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v8i1.155
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Articles
